While attending college, she wrote for campus literary magazines: Huntress at Huntingdon and the humor magazine Rammer Jammer at the University of Alabama. She attended Huntingdon College in Montgomery (1944–45), and then studied law at the University of Alabama (1945–49). Lee continued to respond to her work's impact until her death in February 2016, although she had refused any personal publicity for herself or the novel since 1964.īorn in 1926, Harper Lee grew up in the Southern town of Monroeville, Alabama, where she became close friends with soon-to-be-famous writer Truman Capote. To Kill a Mockingbird was Lee's only published book until Go Set a Watchman, an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, was published on July 14, 2015. Since 1990, a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee's hometown. It was adapted into an Academy Award-winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan, with a screenplay by Horton Foote. Author Mary McDonough Murphy, who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures, calls the book 'an astonishing phenomenon'. Despite the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education, literary analysis of it is sparse. Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication. In 2006, British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one 'every adult should read before they die'. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets. Lessons from the book emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice.

Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the Deep South. The historian Joseph Crespino explains, 'In the twentieth century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its main character, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism.' As a Southern Gothic novel and Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Atticus Finch, the narrator's father, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers. The plot and characters are loosely based on Lee's observations of her family, her neighbors and an event that occurred near her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama, in 1936, when she was ten.ĭespite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality, the novel is renowned for its warmth and humor. To Kill a Mockingbird has become a classic of modern American literature a year after its release, it won the Pulitzer Prize. In the United States, it is widely read in high schools and middle schools. It was published in 1960 and was instantly successful. To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by the American author Harper Lee.

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